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Brick history and appreciation
author：XiangGuo Group
time：2017-05-18
In
recent years, with the collection of the scope of the expansion, and
some people in the past we are not concerned about the collection, but
also gradually attracted attention, and formed a certain scale. Brick is one of them. China's
brick art has a long history, carrying the traditional culture, all
times have different cultural heritage, but also left a different era
mark. In
order to the needs of readers and collectors, we invited Mr. Lin Huai
to write a group of articles on the brick, entitled "words brick", hope
the majority of readers concerned. At the same time the newspaper in order to communicate with the
majority of readers and friends to further communicate, decided to open
up an interactive platform, the reader asked their concerns, we will
hire relevant experts to answer.
Brick, usually for the building components, with chisel and wood hammer in the water mill brick drilled a variety of characters, flowers, landscapes, animals, calligraphy and other patterns, used in the construction of different locations to decorate. Kind of embossed, carved and engraved. But also used as a play. Such as the back of the tile or the use of Qin brick carved into the inkstone, with the Palace Museum of the floor of the "BRIC" carved pattern made of desktop, etc., but the use of brick or building with the main, with the general stone, wood used in the building Of different parts.
The history of the brick can be traced back to Zhou Qin, brick is the important material of the court building. On the brick of the Qin Dynasty. Shaanxi Xianyang area has been unearthed in the Qin Dynasty hollow brick, decorated with dragon, Feng Wen and other relief, there are painting-style mountain hunting and other fine line relief. But these brick are using the impression of the mold. There are two common tiles in the Han Dynasty, one is the tiled brick, the surface sculpture geometric figure or auspicious text; the other is the building or the tomb wall image brick, that is, portrait brick. The portrait brick is part of the building structure and is an interior decoration. Warring States have production, the Qin Dynasty to be developed, the two Han period reached its peak. Manifestations for the positive lines, Yang carved plane, bas-relief, etc., the general use of wood mold to suppress, there are directly engraved on the brick, and some also impose color. There are a number of square and rectangular, etc., the majority of each screen for a brick; also divided into two images, the contents of cut Wo, salt, lotus, seven shot, and banquet, song and dance, Out of the tour, fairy tales and so on. Composition is rich in change, modeling concise and vivid. Most of the portrait brick is found in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Sichuan, Henan and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the tomb of the southern dynasty also found, but commonly used small brick, a picture, the contents of more people and decorative patterns. Descendants of the garden buildings are also used portrait brick, mostly embossed and round carving combination.
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, especially the two generations of the Sui and Tang dynasties palace architecture and monument to the unprecedented development of epitaph. The use of brick; in the decoration, compared with the previous Qin Dynasty, but greatly inferior. Tang Dynasty building brick, with lotus, grape pattern is the most common. Tang Dynasty brick is more prominent in 1978, Henan Luoyang found the repair tower. The tower is made of a pre-designed pattern pattern carved brick (brick molded glaze). Pattern pattern for the following arrangements: located in the towers below the wall, for a row of sky, Hua rope, tassel between the lotus, under the composition of the vertical rhombus, for the scales arranged, each diamond within the pattern and a variety of changes , Such as people, animals, flowers and so on. People in the warrior, the boy, the dancers, the barbarians, the earth, the earth, the earth, the gods, the gods, the magicians, the animals, the lions, the dragon, the tigers, the pommel horse, and so on. the same. And these people, animals, have a complex Cirrus phase set off, the formation of the entire wall glamorous, brilliant eye-catching effect. In addition, in the south of the tower, there are arched tower door, the door around the law enforcement King Kong force soil and dragon white tiger, etc., is also carved brick inlaid; and in the four corners of the tower, each have a brick into the column. Like this brick tiles, in the country is also rarely seen.
Song Dynasty tib brick carving is more common, this brick technology and the previous molding is different, but directly with the brick for the relief, or semi-circular carved characters, set in the tomb around the wall. Chinese history museum collection of Henan Yanshi unearthed carved brick 4, the carving of the subject matter for the women under the kitchen, such as cooking tea, washing, cutting fish, comb hair, etc., for each person different dress and dynamic expression are very Meticulous characterization; carving simple, quite rich folk customs. Song Dynasty brick art is more representative of 1955 in Henan Yuxian Baisha unearthed several tombs. One of the tomb in the tomb brick wall carved with the owner of the tomb of the couple, all the tables and chairs are also objects and the same carved, and protruding the wall, and behind the attendants and curtains and other background foil, Painting performance. In this way, even if the protruding things give people a sense of reality, but also for the performance of the main body of the characters have a significant difference, making the main body is more prominent. In the same as the back of the tomb of the wall, carved with a wide double fan door, half of the door, embossed from the door to explore the outside of the skirt of the waiter one person, only exposed slim upper body, is particularly moving. This woman half a door to explore the spy of the statue, is the Song Dynasty carved brick in the performance of the common theme of one of the secular life. Song tomb of the brick in the north is quite common, most of the sculpture theme reflects the real life, in addition to Henan; Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other places have unearthed. After the Song Dynasty, with the national tradition of brick, in the general civil construction is still very developed. To the Ming and Qing dynasties of the most sophisticated brick. Yuan Dynasty inherited the Song Dynasty tradition, but also popular in the brick tomb built in the carved brick decoration. Ming and Qing dynasties of the brick all over the place, with Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places to save the most.
Wadang and Han portrait brick
The brick craft is generally divided into kiln carvings and kiln carvings. Kiln carving: that is not yet into the kiln burning brick on the adobe carving, the advantages of such as wood-like rich level, the line is more natural and smooth, but because of the kiln process, soil tires to pressure to squeeze the soil, Pattern edge is smoother, but slightly upward uplift deformation, is not conducive to large pieces of the fight group, brick color is also difficult to master, puzzle picture can not be complete. Kiln carved: in the already baked brick products, with a small chisel slowly carved, the advantages of no kiln brick before the shortcomings of its shortcomings for the line is more rigid, can only be shallow relief, and the edge of the pattern chisel Traces, while more consumptive. Brick works lines straight and powerful, but unfortunately not easy to produce, so the number of small.
Brick works can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Shaanxi Fu Feng, Qishan County, the original site, where the east of Xi'an hundred kilometers, is the king of the country to destroy business. Zhou Yuan site about five kilometers east and west, north and south about three kilometers wide, which is distributed within a large number of Western Zhou architecture, tombs, copper and bones and other sites. Here found a lot of decorative tile tile when the diameter is generally between 17.7 - 25 cm, between the decorative string, heavy ring and so on. The production process is roughly made of circular tile head, and then on it to mud plate into a cylindrical body, shape close to the bucket, and then cut into two halves of the string. Face decoration is made of full-watt hand-painted, and later generations of Wadang to model the method is quite different. This can be said that China's first brick. The heavy ring is also one of the most common patterns on the middle and late bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Han portrait brick, can be said to be a brick art peak. Han Dynasty pay attention to burial, so it is very particular about the internal decoration of the tomb, leaving a wealth of physical and research information. Beginners can refer to the following works: Fu Xihua "Han Dynasty portrait collection", the Paris University of Beijing Institute of Sinology in 1950. "Chinese Painting", Chinese Classical Art Publishing House, 1958. Xiao Kangda "Han Dynasty music and dance hundred opera art research", cultural relics press 1984 edition. Xia Henglian, Lin Zhengtong "Han Dynasty agricultural portrait masonry", China Agricultural Publishing House in 1996 edition. Gu Sen "Chinese Han Dynasty Painting Code", Zhejiang Photography Press, 1997 edition. Jiang Yingju, Yang Aiguo "Han Dynasty portrait stone and portrait brick", cultural relics press 2001 edition. Among the above writings, including the history of the Han Dynasty figs and the history of the study, the Han Dynasty canvas, the regional distribution of the brick and the social background, the artistic expression of the Han portraits, the cemetery of the cemetery, the stone, the brick, The relationship between. According to the study of the "Han Dynasty Painting", the Han paintings can be grouped into six categories: one is the mural painting, the second is the palace fresco, the third is the tomb murals, the fourth is the decorative painting on the artifacts, the fifth is the stone portrait, The The third actually includes the tomb wall portrait, stone portrait and brick portrait of three, because these paintings are engraved on the masonry, it can be classified as a class. But also because of this type of portrait unearthed the most, involving the most extensive range. Which found the most in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan and other places. These places are the most affluent areas.
Sui and Tang Dynasties of the brick
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, especially the two generations of the Sui and Tang dynasties palace architecture and monument to the unprecedented development of epitaph. The use of brick, in the decoration, compared with the previous Qin Dynasty, but greatly inferior. Tang Dynasty building brick, with lotus, grape pattern is the most common. Tang Dynasty brick is more prominent in 1978, Henan Luoyang found the repair tower. Revised Temple Tower is located 35 kilometers northwest of Anyang City Qingliang Mountain. Tower height of 16 meters, from the tower base, tower, tower top three components. In the late Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed, leaving only the tower tower 9.5 meters high tower tower. The tower is made of a pre-designed pattern pattern carved brick (brick molded glaze). From the temple and the inscription records to infer, it is not used to bury the monk's ashes and relics of the monk tower, but built in the temple on the axis of worship for the main building.
Single-layer square of the proposed temple pagoda, with diamond-shaped carved brick finishes, various forms of tiles have 3775 pieces, embedded area of 300 square meters, did not leave a blank. Above a variety of characters, animals and lotus-based pattern. Four corners are also equipped with horseshoe-shaped group of flower angle column, both sides of the rolling dragon climbing sub-pillars, from the eaves Department from the wall as a gorgeous large mantle, each Lingge a unit, including Taoist, Buddha, warrior, children People, barbarians, Tianma, etc. a total of 72 species.
Pattern pattern for the following arrangements: located in the towers below the wall, for a row of sky, Hua rope, tassel between the lotus, under the composition of the vertical rhombus, for the scales arranged, each diamond within the pattern and a variety of changes , Such as people, animals, flowers and so on. People in the warrior, the boy, the dancers, the barbarians, the earth, and the earth, the fairies, the magician, the animals, the lions, the dragon, the tigers, the horses, and so on. the same. And these people, animals, have a complex Cirrus phase set off, the formation of the entire wall glamorous, brilliant effect. In addition, in the south of the tower, there are arched tower door, the door around the law enforcement King Kong force soil and dragon white tiger, etc., is also carved brick inlaid; and in the four corners of the tower, each have a brick into the column. Like this brick tiles, in the country is also rarely seen.
These statues, vivid image, it is rare in the Tang Dynasty brick art Jiapin. Tang Dynasty carved brick figure from the image of view, in addition to Guinness, flying, barbarian and other images, but also embedded in the image of purely three-dimensional Taoism, this "evidence" that Buddhism is confluence. To the Song Dynasty, tomb brick carving is more common, but this brick carving technology and the previous molding is different, but directly with brick for the relief, or semi-circular carving characters, set in the tomb around the wall. The next section we talk about the Song Dynasty brick features.
The Art of the Two Songs
Song Dynasty's tomb sculpture, due to the impact of social habits, in the production of low tide stage. However, the development of things is often a two-sided, the Song Dynasty in the tomb of the tombs, although reduced, but as the tomb decoration of the brick art has a prominent achievement. The most commendable is those semi-three-dimensional half-plane, that is half-carved half-painted works. As in 1952, Henan Yu County Baila Song tomb unearthed drama characters brick carving, can be the role of Song opera character image evidence. This group of brick a total of four, from left to right: the first person wearing a hairpin flower head, wearing a round neck gown, left hand waist, drooping right hand, like in the sleeves, face happy; The third person wearing a soft towel, wearing a blouse, waist belt, wearing shorts, single-handedly, single-handedly drooping; the fourth head of the head, wearing a round necklace, jacket wide-sleeved jacket, Wearing a yellow turban, wearing a round robes, waist belt, the right hand holding a bamboo pole, left hand grasping the belt. The four people from their holding props and dress dress point of view, and the literature recorded in the role of Song opera is the same.
Songs in the drama of the dance is not as mature as the future, but the solo and dance, while talking and dancing scenes may already exist. This is from the Song Dynasty opera five people, three forms of performance can be seen clues. According to the "dream beam recorded" set, these three performances: "first to do a familiar thing, named 'Yan section', times to do Zaju, two names ... ... there are mixed play, or said miscellaneous class ... ... Is the Zaju after the paragraph also. "From 1958, Henan Yanshi wine trench unearthed Song Tomb Zombie brick can see the performance of this situation. The five characters were carved in three pieces of brick, the first piece of a carving, wearing a hairpin flower head, wearing round necklace belt, sideways face to the left, hands show a picture, from the back of his hair bun, feet Female lotus hook can be inferred for the role of women; the second brick two, the right side of a person wearing a corner of the head, wearing a wide sleeve robe, left hand wat wat, right hand Wat; left one person Dai Dongpo Towel, wearing round neck narrow sleeve robe, waist belt, right hand holding a print box, left hand refers to each other, like in the dialogue; third carved two people, one on the right, wearing a towel girdle, dressed in blouses, Open the chest exposed belly, left hand placed in the abdomen, right hand two fingers at the entrance, like a whistle; left one person, wearing a sharp angle towel, dressed in blouses, frank open, , There are birds, he reached out to make fun of birds, facing each other, both are doing Tingle dance, demeanor movements are like in the dialogue. The three pieces of brick, the first piece depicts the "Yan section" performance, "Yan section" is the opening of the hat before the play, mostly singing and dancing, is a blessing prayer a class of so-called "first to do something familiar." The second brick of the two characters, from their hands Wat, India props to see, the performance is the official play - is the drama. Song Dynasty is the drama of the drama, mainly the performance of official life, the so-called "official version of the drama." The third piece is depicted as "scattered", also known as "casual", mostly the performance of the market life, and comedy laughing color.
Huizhou tile art
After the Song Dynasty, with the national tradition of brick, in the general civil construction is still very developed. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties of the most sophisticated brick. Yuan Dynasty inherited the Song Dynasty tradition, but also popular in the brick tomb built in the carved brick decoration. Ming and Qing dynasties of the brick around the place, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places to save the most.
Huizhou brick is an important part of the ancient art of decorative buildings, throughout the urban and rural areas. Still preserved in the Ming and Qing when the ancient architectural ancestral hall, hall, temples, academies and houses. Brick Widely used gatehouse, door cover, eight-word wall, Lou window, the eaves, roof, house Ling and Jing table arch, god niche, so that the building elegant, solemn, rich three-dimensional effect. "Door cover mulberry Yue, according to the wall to change the wall." Huizhou is a true portrayal of the application of brick.
Huizhou brick carved with flat carving, relief, three-dimensional sculpture, themes, including feather flowers, dragon and lion elephant, landscapes, dramatic characters, with rich folk color. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, because of the pursuit of luxury life, so the style of the Qing Dynasty brick tricks gradually complicated and complicated, pay attention to the plot and composition, deepening the level of carved. In the square foot, the thickness of the brick on the brick carved complex, multi-layer hollow screen, from the close to the vision, before and after the perspective, structured, up to about 9
Brick, usually for the building components, with chisel and wood hammer in the water mill brick drilled a variety of characters, flowers, landscapes, animals, calligraphy and other patterns, used in the construction of different locations to decorate. Kind of embossed, carved and engraved. But also used as a play. Such as the back of the tile or the use of Qin brick carved into the inkstone, with the Palace Museum of the floor of the "BRIC" carved pattern made of desktop, etc., but the use of brick or building with the main, with the general stone, wood used in the building Of different parts.
The history of the brick can be traced back to Zhou Qin, brick is the important material of the court building. On the brick of the Qin Dynasty. Shaanxi Xianyang area has been unearthed in the Qin Dynasty hollow brick, decorated with dragon, Feng Wen and other relief, there are painting-style mountain hunting and other fine line relief. But these brick are using the impression of the mold. There are two common tiles in the Han Dynasty, one is the tiled brick, the surface sculpture geometric figure or auspicious text; the other is the building or the tomb wall image brick, that is, portrait brick. The portrait brick is part of the building structure and is an interior decoration. Warring States have production, the Qin Dynasty to be developed, the two Han period reached its peak. Manifestations for the positive lines, Yang carved plane, bas-relief, etc., the general use of wood mold to suppress, there are directly engraved on the brick, and some also impose color. There are a number of square and rectangular, etc., the majority of each screen for a brick; also divided into two images, the contents of cut Wo, salt, lotus, seven shot, and banquet, song and dance, Out of the tour, fairy tales and so on. Composition is rich in change, modeling concise and vivid. Most of the portrait brick is found in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Sichuan, Henan and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the tomb of the southern dynasty also found, but commonly used small brick, a picture, the contents of more people and decorative patterns. Descendants of the garden buildings are also used portrait brick, mostly embossed and round carving combination.
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, especially the two generations of the Sui and Tang dynasties palace architecture and monument to the unprecedented development of epitaph. The use of brick; in the decoration, compared with the previous Qin Dynasty, but greatly inferior. Tang Dynasty building brick, with lotus, grape pattern is the most common. Tang Dynasty brick is more prominent in 1978, Henan Luoyang found the repair tower. The tower is made of a pre-designed pattern pattern carved brick (brick molded glaze). Pattern pattern for the following arrangements: located in the towers below the wall, for a row of sky, Hua rope, tassel between the lotus, under the composition of the vertical rhombus, for the scales arranged, each diamond within the pattern and a variety of changes , Such as people, animals, flowers and so on. People in the warrior, the boy, the dancers, the barbarians, the earth, the earth, the earth, the gods, the gods, the magicians, the animals, the lions, the dragon, the tigers, the pommel horse, and so on. the same. And these people, animals, have a complex Cirrus phase set off, the formation of the entire wall glamorous, brilliant eye-catching effect. In addition, in the south of the tower, there are arched tower door, the door around the law enforcement King Kong force soil and dragon white tiger, etc., is also carved brick inlaid; and in the four corners of the tower, each have a brick into the column. Like this brick tiles, in the country is also rarely seen.
Song Dynasty tib brick carving is more common, this brick technology and the previous molding is different, but directly with the brick for the relief, or semi-circular carved characters, set in the tomb around the wall. Chinese history museum collection of Henan Yanshi unearthed carved brick 4, the carving of the subject matter for the women under the kitchen, such as cooking tea, washing, cutting fish, comb hair, etc., for each person different dress and dynamic expression are very Meticulous characterization; carving simple, quite rich folk customs. Song Dynasty brick art is more representative of 1955 in Henan Yuxian Baisha unearthed several tombs. One of the tomb in the tomb brick wall carved with the owner of the tomb of the couple, all the tables and chairs are also objects and the same carved, and protruding the wall, and behind the attendants and curtains and other background foil, Painting performance. In this way, even if the protruding things give people a sense of reality, but also for the performance of the main body of the characters have a significant difference, making the main body is more prominent. In the same as the back of the tomb of the wall, carved with a wide double fan door, half of the door, embossed from the door to explore the outside of the skirt of the waiter one person, only exposed slim upper body, is particularly moving. This woman half a door to explore the spy of the statue, is the Song Dynasty carved brick in the performance of the common theme of one of the secular life. Song tomb of the brick in the north is quite common, most of the sculpture theme reflects the real life, in addition to Henan; Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and other places have unearthed. After the Song Dynasty, with the national tradition of brick, in the general civil construction is still very developed. To the Ming and Qing dynasties of the most sophisticated brick. Yuan Dynasty inherited the Song Dynasty tradition, but also popular in the brick tomb built in the carved brick decoration. Ming and Qing dynasties of the brick all over the place, with Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places to save the most.
Wadang and Han portrait brick
The brick craft is generally divided into kiln carvings and kiln carvings. Kiln carving: that is not yet into the kiln burning brick on the adobe carving, the advantages of such as wood-like rich level, the line is more natural and smooth, but because of the kiln process, soil tires to pressure to squeeze the soil, Pattern edge is smoother, but slightly upward uplift deformation, is not conducive to large pieces of the fight group, brick color is also difficult to master, puzzle picture can not be complete. Kiln carved: in the already baked brick products, with a small chisel slowly carved, the advantages of no kiln brick before the shortcomings of its shortcomings for the line is more rigid, can only be shallow relief, and the edge of the pattern chisel Traces, while more consumptive. Brick works lines straight and powerful, but unfortunately not easy to produce, so the number of small.
Brick works can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Shaanxi Fu Feng, Qishan County, the original site, where the east of Xi'an hundred kilometers, is the king of the country to destroy business. Zhou Yuan site about five kilometers east and west, north and south about three kilometers wide, which is distributed within a large number of Western Zhou architecture, tombs, copper and bones and other sites. Here found a lot of decorative tile tile when the diameter is generally between 17.7 - 25 cm, between the decorative string, heavy ring and so on. The production process is roughly made of circular tile head, and then on it to mud plate into a cylindrical body, shape close to the bucket, and then cut into two halves of the string. Face decoration is made of full-watt hand-painted, and later generations of Wadang to model the method is quite different. This can be said that China's first brick. The heavy ring is also one of the most common patterns on the middle and late bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Han portrait brick, can be said to be a brick art peak. Han Dynasty pay attention to burial, so it is very particular about the internal decoration of the tomb, leaving a wealth of physical and research information. Beginners can refer to the following works: Fu Xihua "Han Dynasty portrait collection", the Paris University of Beijing Institute of Sinology in 1950. "Chinese Painting", Chinese Classical Art Publishing House, 1958. Xiao Kangda "Han Dynasty music and dance hundred opera art research", cultural relics press 1984 edition. Xia Henglian, Lin Zhengtong "Han Dynasty agricultural portrait masonry", China Agricultural Publishing House in 1996 edition. Gu Sen "Chinese Han Dynasty Painting Code", Zhejiang Photography Press, 1997 edition. Jiang Yingju, Yang Aiguo "Han Dynasty portrait stone and portrait brick", cultural relics press 2001 edition. Among the above writings, including the history of the Han Dynasty figs and the history of the study, the Han Dynasty canvas, the regional distribution of the brick and the social background, the artistic expression of the Han portraits, the cemetery of the cemetery, the stone, the brick, The relationship between. According to the study of the "Han Dynasty Painting", the Han paintings can be grouped into six categories: one is the mural painting, the second is the palace fresco, the third is the tomb murals, the fourth is the decorative painting on the artifacts, the fifth is the stone portrait, The The third actually includes the tomb wall portrait, stone portrait and brick portrait of three, because these paintings are engraved on the masonry, it can be classified as a class. But also because of this type of portrait unearthed the most, involving the most extensive range. Which found the most in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan and other places. These places are the most affluent areas.
Sui and Tang Dynasties of the brick
Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, especially the two generations of the Sui and Tang dynasties palace architecture and monument to the unprecedented development of epitaph. The use of brick, in the decoration, compared with the previous Qin Dynasty, but greatly inferior. Tang Dynasty building brick, with lotus, grape pattern is the most common. Tang Dynasty brick is more prominent in 1978, Henan Luoyang found the repair tower. Revised Temple Tower is located 35 kilometers northwest of Anyang City Qingliang Mountain. Tower height of 16 meters, from the tower base, tower, tower top three components. In the late Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed, leaving only the tower tower 9.5 meters high tower tower. The tower is made of a pre-designed pattern pattern carved brick (brick molded glaze). From the temple and the inscription records to infer, it is not used to bury the monk's ashes and relics of the monk tower, but built in the temple on the axis of worship for the main building.
Single-layer square of the proposed temple pagoda, with diamond-shaped carved brick finishes, various forms of tiles have 3775 pieces, embedded area of 300 square meters, did not leave a blank. Above a variety of characters, animals and lotus-based pattern. Four corners are also equipped with horseshoe-shaped group of flower angle column, both sides of the rolling dragon climbing sub-pillars, from the eaves Department from the wall as a gorgeous large mantle, each Lingge a unit, including Taoist, Buddha, warrior, children People, barbarians, Tianma, etc. a total of 72 species.
Pattern pattern for the following arrangements: located in the towers below the wall, for a row of sky, Hua rope, tassel between the lotus, under the composition of the vertical rhombus, for the scales arranged, each diamond within the pattern and a variety of changes , Such as people, animals, flowers and so on. People in the warrior, the boy, the dancers, the barbarians, the earth, and the earth, the fairies, the magician, the animals, the lions, the dragon, the tigers, the horses, and so on. the same. And these people, animals, have a complex Cirrus phase set off, the formation of the entire wall glamorous, brilliant effect. In addition, in the south of the tower, there are arched tower door, the door around the law enforcement King Kong force soil and dragon white tiger, etc., is also carved brick inlaid; and in the four corners of the tower, each have a brick into the column. Like this brick tiles, in the country is also rarely seen.
These statues, vivid image, it is rare in the Tang Dynasty brick art Jiapin. Tang Dynasty carved brick figure from the image of view, in addition to Guinness, flying, barbarian and other images, but also embedded in the image of purely three-dimensional Taoism, this "evidence" that Buddhism is confluence. To the Song Dynasty, tomb brick carving is more common, but this brick carving technology and the previous molding is different, but directly with brick for the relief, or semi-circular carving characters, set in the tomb around the wall. The next section we talk about the Song Dynasty brick features.
The Art of the Two Songs
Song Dynasty's tomb sculpture, due to the impact of social habits, in the production of low tide stage. However, the development of things is often a two-sided, the Song Dynasty in the tomb of the tombs, although reduced, but as the tomb decoration of the brick art has a prominent achievement. The most commendable is those semi-three-dimensional half-plane, that is half-carved half-painted works. As in 1952, Henan Yu County Baila Song tomb unearthed drama characters brick carving, can be the role of Song opera character image evidence. This group of brick a total of four, from left to right: the first person wearing a hairpin flower head, wearing a round neck gown, left hand waist, drooping right hand, like in the sleeves, face happy; The third person wearing a soft towel, wearing a blouse, waist belt, wearing shorts, single-handedly, single-handedly drooping; the fourth head of the head, wearing a round necklace, jacket wide-sleeved jacket, Wearing a yellow turban, wearing a round robes, waist belt, the right hand holding a bamboo pole, left hand grasping the belt. The four people from their holding props and dress dress point of view, and the literature recorded in the role of Song opera is the same.
Songs in the drama of the dance is not as mature as the future, but the solo and dance, while talking and dancing scenes may already exist. This is from the Song Dynasty opera five people, three forms of performance can be seen clues. According to the "dream beam recorded" set, these three performances: "first to do a familiar thing, named 'Yan section', times to do Zaju, two names ... ... there are mixed play, or said miscellaneous class ... ... Is the Zaju after the paragraph also. "From 1958, Henan Yanshi wine trench unearthed Song Tomb Zombie brick can see the performance of this situation. The five characters were carved in three pieces of brick, the first piece of a carving, wearing a hairpin flower head, wearing round necklace belt, sideways face to the left, hands show a picture, from the back of his hair bun, feet Female lotus hook can be inferred for the role of women; the second brick two, the right side of a person wearing a corner of the head, wearing a wide sleeve robe, left hand wat wat, right hand Wat; left one person Dai Dongpo Towel, wearing round neck narrow sleeve robe, waist belt, right hand holding a print box, left hand refers to each other, like in the dialogue; third carved two people, one on the right, wearing a towel girdle, dressed in blouses, Open the chest exposed belly, left hand placed in the abdomen, right hand two fingers at the entrance, like a whistle; left one person, wearing a sharp angle towel, dressed in blouses, frank open, , There are birds, he reached out to make fun of birds, facing each other, both are doing Tingle dance, demeanor movements are like in the dialogue. The three pieces of brick, the first piece depicts the "Yan section" performance, "Yan section" is the opening of the hat before the play, mostly singing and dancing, is a blessing prayer a class of so-called "first to do something familiar." The second brick of the two characters, from their hands Wat, India props to see, the performance is the official play - is the drama. Song Dynasty is the drama of the drama, mainly the performance of official life, the so-called "official version of the drama." The third piece is depicted as "scattered", also known as "casual", mostly the performance of the market life, and comedy laughing color.
Huizhou tile art
After the Song Dynasty, with the national tradition of brick, in the general civil construction is still very developed. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties of the most sophisticated brick. Yuan Dynasty inherited the Song Dynasty tradition, but also popular in the brick tomb built in the carved brick decoration. Ming and Qing dynasties of the brick around the place, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places to save the most.
Huizhou brick is an important part of the ancient art of decorative buildings, throughout the urban and rural areas. Still preserved in the Ming and Qing when the ancient architectural ancestral hall, hall, temples, academies and houses. Brick Widely used gatehouse, door cover, eight-word wall, Lou window, the eaves, roof, house Ling and Jing table arch, god niche, so that the building elegant, solemn, rich three-dimensional effect. "Door cover mulberry Yue, according to the wall to change the wall." Huizhou is a true portrayal of the application of brick.
Huizhou brick carved with flat carving, relief, three-dimensional sculpture, themes, including feather flowers, dragon and lion elephant, landscapes, dramatic characters, with rich folk color. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, because of the pursuit of luxury life, so the style of the Qing Dynasty brick tricks gradually complicated and complicated, pay attention to the plot and composition, deepening the level of carved. In the square foot, the thickness of the brick on the brick carved complex, multi-layer hollow screen, from the close to the vision, before and after the perspective, structured, up to about 9
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